Bitcoin core has an optional password for a wallet but does not have transaction passwords as such.
The key point is that when Bitcoin core asks for a password, if you do not know that wallet’s password you should probably try restoring old backups from before a password was set for the wallet. If you don’t know the wallet password, or most of it, and don’t have a backup from before one was set, you won’t be able to spend money in that wallet.
Bitcoin core can manage multiple wallets (separate named wallet data files) so that might be a potential cause of confusion.